Name: Fallo Tetralogijos 3D Modelis Erler-Zimmer Tetralogy of Fallot 3D Printed Model - Labostera
SKU: MP2037
Availability: InStock

Erler-Zimmer GmbH & Co. KG Tetralogy of Fallot 3D model:

Model Number: MP2037
Clinical history:
A 21-month-old child was admitted with a history of fatigue and angina for the past 2–3 months. During this time, there were several attacks of acute angina, each lasting up to two minutes. Examination revealed central cyanosis, mild clubbing of the fingers, and a harsh systolic heart murmur maximally at the left esophageal border. Cardiac catheterization led to a diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot and severe pulmonary edema. Surgical correction (Willis-Potts anastomosis between the aorta and the left pulmonary artery loop) was performed. The child presented with acute angina and left ventricular obstruction 12 hours postoperatively and died despite treatment.
Pathology:
The child's heart is seen from the anterior side. The anterior wall of the right ventricle has been removed to show the advanced right ventricular hypertrophy and narrow pulmonary outflow tract. The pulmonary valve is also small, with a bicuspid narrowed cusps. There is a patch of endocardial fibrosis at the base of the pulmonary valve annulus. The aortic origin covers a high ventricular septal defect. A stent may have been inserted into the aorta from the hypertrophied right ventricle. A more distal stent may have been inserted from the narrow pulmonary trunk into the dilated, thin-walled left pulmonary artery and through a surgical anastomosis to the descending aorta. Examination of the posterior side of this preparation shows an open right ventricle and left ventricle. Viewed from the right side of the heart, there is a large atrioseptal defect (ASD), 8 mm in diameter, at the site of the foramen ovale (large arrowhead). Another small ASD (small arrowhead), 3 mm in diameter, is located posterior to the superior border of the large ASD. Note that the left ventricular wall is slightly thinner than the right ventricular wall.
Additional information:
The four features of tetralogy of Fallot are: 1. Ventricular septal defect (VSD); 2. An aorta that communicates with the VSD to both ventricles (superior aorta) rather than just the left ventricle; 3. Pulmonary stenosis or right ventricular extrasystole; 4. Right ventricular hypertrophy. This condition usually causes cyanosis early in life. Its severity depends on the degree of narrowing of the pulmonary outflow tracts, which determines whether there is left-to-right or right-to-left shunting. In some patients, pulmonary blood flow is increased due to the presence of a patent ductus arteriosus. Patients with this condition may live without treatment into adulthood, and a few may reach middle age. However, surgical correction is now possible and desirable, as the disorder is ultimately fatal. Sometimes an additional cardiac anomaly (such as an atrioseptal defect, as was the case in this case) may be present.