Name: Prieširdžių Pertvaros Defekto 3D Modelis Erler-Zimmer Atrial Septal Defect 3D Printed Model - Labostera
SKU: MP2032
Availability: InStock

Erler-Zimmer GmbH & Co. KG Atrial Septal Defect 3D Model:

Model code: MP2032
Clinical History
- A 10-year-old girl with known congenital heart disease was admitted for surgery because of recent onset of cyanosis and heart failure. On examination, she was labored in breathing, her blood pressure was 105/60 mm Hg, and her pulse was 140 beats/min. A loud heart murmur was heard in the fourth left intercostal space near the sternum. Jugular venous pressure was elevated, and bilateral pulmonary main crepitations were heard, but there was no peripheral edema. The defect was repaired during surgery; however, postoperative death occurred after a sudden unexplained deterioration.
Pathology
- The heart is seen from the left side. The left ventricle has been opened to reveal a large oval-shaped defect, 3.5 cm in greatest diameter between the atrial septa. Only a small postero-inferior portion of the defect remains. The left ventricle is small and the right ventricle is hypertrophied (see the end of the specimen where part of the right end wall of the right ventricle has been excised to show the thickened wall). The pulmonary artery, seen to the left of the atrial cavities, is greatly dilated. The smaller vessel seen above the end of the pulmonary artery section is the aortic arch. The 8 mm diameter edge of the lumen section, immediately after the end of the pulmonary artery section, is the left auricular appendage.
Additional Information
- Atrial septal defect is usually asymptomatic in early life, even if it is large. Symptoms may not appear until adulthood. The onset of symptoms results from an initial left-to-right shunt of the vascular pump, resulting in increased right ventricular hypertrophy and pulmonary hypertension. Subsequent right-to-left shunting is associated with cyanosis and dyspnea, and ultimately leads to heart failure.
- There are several types of atrial septal defects, including:
  - Secundum is the most common type of PSK and occurs between the two atria (atrial septum).
  - Primum – this defect occurs in the lower part of the atrial septum and may occur with other congenital heart problems.
  - Sinus venosus – This rare defect usually occurs in the upper part of the atrial septum and is often associated with other congenital heart problems.
  - Coronary sinus – In this rare defect, part of the wall between the coronary sinus – which is part of the heart's venous system – and the left atrium is lost.
- It is not known why all atrial septal defects occur, but some congenital heart defects appear to run in families and sometimes occur with other genetic problems, such as trisomy 21 (Down syndrome). Certain conditions during pregnancy can increase the risk of having a baby with a heart defect, including acute infections such as rubella; medications, tobacco or alcohol use, or exposure to certain substances (such as cocaine) during the first trimester of pregnancy; and underlying systemic conditions such as diabetes or systemic lupus erythematosus.