Name: Gerklų Karcinomos 3D Modelis Erler-Zimmer Carcinoma of Larynx 3D Printed Model - Labostera
Price: 1.00 EUR
Availability: InStock

Erler-Zimmer GmbH & Co. KG Laryngeal Carcinoma 3D Model 3D Model:

Model Number: MP2050
Clinical history:
A 74-year-old man presented with a 2-month history of dysphagia, dysphonia, and weight loss. He had a history of heavy alcohol use and had smoked 40 cigarettes per day for 40 years. Tests revealed a laryngeal tumor. He was treated with radiation, but his tumor recurred. He died 9 months after the initial presentation.
Pathology:
The preparation consists of the tongue, pharynx, larynx, esophagus and trachea and is mounted in the coronal plane. The esophagus and trachea are opened posteriorly. A 5 x 4 x 2 cm fixed carcinoma is clearly visible, extending into both pyramidal fossae. The surface of the tumor is irregular with fluffy areas of necrosis. The tumor originated in the larynx and affects both vocal cords, the left aryepiglottic plate and both pyramidal fossae.
Additional information:
More than 951% of laryngeal cancers are squamous cell carcinomas. The tumor most commonly develops in the vocal cords, but can occur above or below the cords, on the epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds, or pyramidal fossa. The cancer usually begins as squamous cell carcinoma in situ, progressing to opacifying and invasive carcinoma of the larynx with subsequent exposure to carcinogens. The greatest risk factors for laryngeal cancer are tobacco smoke and alcohol consumption. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, asbestos exposure, and radiation have also been identified as being associated with an increased incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Men are more affected than women. It most commonly occurs in the 50s. Laryngeal cancer can spread by invading surrounding tissue, via the lymph nodes, usually to the regional lymph nodes in the neck, or by hematogenous metastases, most commonly to the lungs. Common symptoms at presentation of HNSCC include dysphonia, dysphagia, odynophagia, globus, and cough. Less common symptoms may include hemoptysis, stridor, dyspnea, and halitosis.
Treatment varies depending on the stage of the disease. Smoking and alcohol cessation are important for all stages of the disease. In early disease, larynx-sparing treatments may include laser therapy, microsurgery, and radiation. In later disease, treatment may include a combination of laryngectomy, radiation, and chemotherapy.
HPV-related HNSCC has a better outcome than non-HPV-positive tumors. HPV vaccination programs have been introduced in several countries, including Australia and the United Kingdom, for both boys and girls to reduce their risk of getting HNSCC.

Model Number: MP2052
Clinical history:
A 47-year-old man presented with a 13-month history of dysphonia and odynophagia at the level of his thyroid cartilage. He had a significant history of smoking. Investigations revealed a laryngeal tumor. He was treated with radiation for the tumor, followed by a laryngectomy. Six months later, pulmonary metastases were discovered, and he subsequently died.
Pathology:
This is a laryngectomy specimen from a patient. The larynx is incised and viewed posteriorly. The right vocal cord is distorted by an irregular ulcerated tumor. Mucosal obstruction is also noted. Histologically, it was a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
Additional information:
More than 951% of laryngeal cancers are SCC. The tumor most commonly develops in the vocal cords, but can occur above or below the cords, on the epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds, or pyramidal fossa. The cancer usually begins as carcinoma in situ, progressing to invasive and invasive carcinoma with continued exposure to carcinogens.
The greatest risk factors for laryngeal cancer are tobacco smoke and alcohol consumption. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, asbestos exposure, and radiation have also been shown to increase the incidence. Men are more affected than women. It most commonly occurs in the 50s.
Laryngeal cancer can spread by invasion into surrounding tissues, via lymph nodes usually to local cervical lymph nodes, or by hematogenous metastases, most commonly to the lungs. Common symptoms at presentation include dysphonia, dysphagia, odynophagia, globus, and cough. Less common symptoms may include hemoptysis, stridor, dyspnea, and halitosis. Treatment varies depending on the stage of the disease. Smoking and alcohol cessation are important for all stages of the disease. In early-stage disease, laryngeal-sparing treatment options may include laser therapy, microsurgery, and radiation. In later-stage disease, treatment may include a combination of laryngectomy, radiation, and chemotherapy.