Hydatid Disease 3D Model Erler-Zimmer Hydatid Disease 3D Printed Model

Erler-Zimmer GmbH & Co. KG Hydatid Disease 3D Model:

• Model Number: MP2035
• Clinical history:
  This 11-year-old girl had an 18-month history of hydatid disease (see below). A total of 17 cysts were removed from the child’s brain on three occasions, and cysts were later found in the kidneys, abdominal cavity, and abdominal aortic bifurcation. A cardiac x-ray showed a calcified cyst, and the patient was referred to a tertiary hospital for removal. The patient deteriorated and died after open-heart surgery, in which a moribund hydatid cyst was found in the left ventricle.
• Pathology:
  The material was taken from the heart, with left ventricular rupture, and from the aorta from its normal to the anterior bifurcation. The aorta shows some atheromatous deposits at the top. At the anterior bifurcation point there is a large mass of antemortem occluded blood clots with branches into both common iliac arteries.
• Hydatid cysts occupy the abdominal aorta at its bifurcation, and the duct connecting the left ventricle and the left atrium.
• Histology showed cysts located in the aortic wall, composed of 3 layers: an outer pericystic fibrous layer; a middle ectocyst layer, which was laminated, hyaline, and acellular; and an inner endocyst in the germinal layer, composed of daughter cysts and fallopian tube capsules with scoliosis. A local granulomatous palisade reaction was also noted in the aortic wall.
• Additional information:
  Hydatid cyst is a human parasitic disease caused by the larval stage of the cestode worm Echinococcus granulosus, which parasitizes the intestines of dogs, their definitive hosts. Humans can play an unwitting role as hosts by consuming eggs in vegetables or water contaminated with dog feces. Humans become infected by ingesting eggs excreted in dog feces. Oncospheres released from the eggs penetrate the intestinal mucosa and, through the portal system, settle in the liver, lungs, muscles, or other organs, where hydatid cysts form.
• Hydatid disease is endemic in the livestock-producing regions of the world, especially in the Mediterranean countries, the Middle East, South America, Australia, and New Zealand. Although no organ in the body is spared from hydatid cysts, they most commonly affect the liver and lungs. Cardiac involvement is a much less common but potentially fatal condition, accounting for 0.5–21% of all hydatid cases. Cardiac complications and manifestations vary depending on the location, size, and integrity of the cyst(s). The left ventricular myocardium is most commonly affected. Pericardial involvement is most commonly multifocal cardiac echinococcosis. Cyst growth leads to their displacement into the weaker side of the heart wall, either the epicardium or the endocardium. LV HCs are usually subepicardial and rarely rupture into the pericardial space. However, if rupture occurs, it may be silent or may cause acute pericardial tamponade, constrictive pericarditis, or a secondary pericardial cyst.

3D models of hydatid disease – Erler-Zimmer Anatomy Group

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